This is the question facing politicians today. But it also represents a case study in the conflict between short-term costs and long-term benefits - probably the most difficult conflict faced by businesses and governments today.
If we bail them out, then we definitely avoid a lot of pain over the next year, as thousands of workers retain their jobs, as auto assembly lines keep ordering parts from suppliers, and as thousands of car dealers continue to have uninterrupted supplies of inventory. But using taxpayer dollars to save these misfiring corporate giants today will almost certainly cost us a great deal more in the long term. For a variety of reasons, the business models that GM and Ford are operating make them completely uncompetitive with rivals like Toyota, Nissan, and even Mercedes - all of whom also employ thousands of other Americans in their U.S.-based manufacturing facilities and dealerships.
If you want a terrific explanation of some of the fatal and probably irreconcilable flaws in the very structure of the GM and Ford businesses, when compared to their most immediate competitors, see this Wall Street Journal article by NYU Distinguished Research Scholar Michael Levine.
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